Oldtimer • 16
days ago There are more secularisms in India than religions, so you better
disclose right upfront which secularism you belong to… European secularism is
not secular (don't ask me according to which definition of secular). It is a
Christian concept.
jasonbourne • 16
days ago
People like Ambedkar make this wrong assumption that Hindus have to follow Manu
Smriti which never was the case. Manu like Kamasutra became famous because of
the British. So we should stop obsessing over Manu smriti which was never meant
to be infallible in the first place.
Vijay Kumar • 14
days ago • parent
Hinduism is brought into the discussion because Hindutva is offering a
resistance to move towards secular/liberal position (which would be in line
with the first amendment, as supported by Mr. Harsh Gupta).
Susheel Mehta • 16
days ago Dear
Harsha, Thanks for a wonderful write-up. As always your arguments are marvels
of clarity. But I would like to register specific issues of disagreement: 1.
You confuse Dharma with Dharmashastras. That is akin to confusing Physics the
subject with Physics the book written by Aristotle. While the former is more of
a meta-framework, the latter a seminal and important contribution, but not the
last word…
7.
I may be wrong about my contentions. But the point is that social theorists
have not examined with clarity the strength and challenges of our society and
its internal dynamics. Rather the idea is always to look it through western
experience.
Nizken
September
24, 2012 at 12:38 am Sandeep, just curious…..where and how do you find the
time to post all this information from?
Sandeep
September
24, 2012 at 1:35 pm The pedestrian explanation is that it is the work of
several years. The modern yogi has to know western philosophy, other religions,
linguistics, physics, biology, psychology, neuroscience, sociology because they
are all investigating, albeit partially, the same realm of consciousness. The
spiritual explanation is that other burdens are decreased with progress on the
spiritual path… Sandeep December
29, 2011 at 11:35 am Some people might call us loony as well for believing
in the existence of occult spirits
Karl Popper, the enemy of certainty, part 4: Lakatos, Kuhn and
Feyerabend The Guardian (blog) - Oct 1, 2012 Liz Williams This
diverse trio drove the philosophy of science forwards with their responses to
Popper's theory of falsification
Lakatos's
views form a halfway house between Kuhn and Popper (he was a student of the
latter), and his approach is often considered to be a more nuanced form of
falsificationism.
A
more anarchic approach – literally – is offered by Feyerabend. Auxiliary
hypotheses are critical, he argues, but may be irrational. In fact, it's
impossible to develop any set of methodological rules by which scientists work:
ad hoc, rule-breaking postulates are the order of the day. We seem to be
heading at full speed towards epistemological relativism here, and indeed,
according to Feyerabend, this is the case: not only does science fail to
proceed according to fixed principles, but it doesn't deserve its epistemic
privileges, either. Far out! So if your preference is for Feyerabend over
Popper, astrologers might be on to something, after all.
Occam’s
razor, which essentially is the concept that when all other things are equal,
the simplest explanation will tend to be the best, is a useful conceptual tool
in many fields of life, and helps us avoid bogging down in needless
complexity,–thereby helping us sort out theories that have “too many moving
parts” to sustain serious scrutiny. This is especially helpful when it comes to
practical matters in the material world, but it is not always the answer! Sri
Aurobindo uses the example of the simple explanation of the “theory of the
spheres” as an explanation of astronomical events. Today we have a much more
detailed and complex understanding, as well as the ability to observe many more
facts that need to be covered by any solution.
This
becomes a question because the theory of rebirth and the corollary law of karma
actually is a quite good example of “Occam’s razor”. Sri Aurobindo explains:
“The theory of rebirth coupled with that of Karma gives us a simple,
symmetrical, beautiful explanation of things…”
If
we accepted Occam’s razor as a determining factor, we would have to admit that
rebirth and karma are the best explanation we have for the facts of our
existence. Sri Aurobindo cautions however, that while this may provide us
“moral certitude”, it does not yet constitute certainty or absolute proof and
thus, much more examination of the question is warranted. Rebirth
and Karma, Section I, Chapter 1, Rebirth, pp. 6-7
Wilber
can take this approach because he claims repeatedly that the “core” or
“essentials” of these traditions are constituted by replicable mystical
experiences: one follows certain practices, such as prayer or meditation, and
will then reliably achieve certain states of consciousness as a result.
Wilber’s philosophy is then above all an attempt to integrate the knowledge of
science with the knowledge derived from these states of consciousness. The
problem with this approach is simple: these replicable mystical experiences
simply are not the core of the vast majority of traditions out
there…
The
point of this criticism is to establish that replicable mystical experience is
simply not the “core” or “essentials” of the premodern
traditions. The view that it is, is a construct of the 19th-century quest for a
“perennial philosophy” with perennial answers to the great questions. But while
I have long agreed that there are perennial
questions, I do not buy the claim that they have perennial answers, and
certainly not that mystical experience supplies those answers universally. The
perennial questions are perennially disputed, with answers going in multiple
directions. In my view, a synthesis between different views needs to be
found dialectically. One cannot put the traditions together by
assuming that they are the same at their heart, whether in terms of mystical
experience or anything else — for they aren’t. Instead, one must start with
their differences as given, and take those differences as a starting point from
which a mature and complex synthesis can be worked out. That’s
harder, but as far as I can tell, it’s the only way to find a genuinely
encompassing truth. And no empiricist method will get you there, not even one
that incorporates mystical experiences alongside scientific ones.
Following
Stengers, I'd like to consider what it might really mean to refrain from
defacing value experiences. I take it that this largely applies to the
"value experiences" of others than ourselves. And respecting the
value experiences of others is not always an easy thing to do. I certainly
don't want religious fundamentalists who deny the theory of evolution and claim
that the Earth is only 6,000 years old to be teaching my children. But living as
an atheist in a common world with religious believers, I also reject defacing
the value experience of those believers, in the way that "New
Atheists" like Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher
Hitchens have done. I also want to work through the implications of Whitehead's
claim that such "value experience… is the very essence of the
universe." But doing this demands that we pass beyond the human.
Both
Stiegler and Simondon are problematic from a Marxist point of view. One might
criticize Stiegler for turning a particular historical situation (that of
alienation under capitalism) into an originary characteristic of the human
species in general. While much in Stiegler's critique of capitalism is spot-on,
he turns cultural symptoms into to basic existential situations, while omitting
to consider capital accumulation & exploitation as the motors of
capitalism.
महात्मा गांधी और महर्षि अरविन्द के जीवन इसके जीवंत उदाहरण हैं। गांधी जी कोई दक्षिण अफ्रीका में क्रांति करने नहीं गए थे। वे वहां वकालत करने गए थे, लेकिन परिस्थितियों ने उन्हें इसके लिए मजबूर कर दिया कि वे स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष शुरू करें और दक्षिण अफ्रीका से शुरू हुआ संघर्ष ही उन्हें भारत तक ले आया। ठीक इसी तरह महर्षि अरविंद ने योग-अध्यात्म की दिशा में सोचा भी नहीं था। उन्होंने भारत को अंगे्रजी शासन से स्वतंत्र कराने का स्वप्न देखा था और इसके लिए क्रांति का मार्ग अपनाया। उन्होंने लंबे समय तक संघर्ष भी किया, लेकिन इसके बाद राजनीति या किसी अन्य रास्ते पर जाने के बजाय उन्होंने अध्यात्म का मार्ग चुना। बाद में इन दोनों ही विभूतियों को जिन कारणों से दुनिया भर में जाना गया, वे परिस्थितियों के चलते उनके जीवन में आए बदलाव के परिणाम थे। परिस्थितियों ने ही उनके सामने उनके उद्देश्य को स्पष्ट किया और उन्होंने अपने वास्तविक लक्ष्य की दिशा में प्रयास शुरू किए।
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