Showing posts with label Xunzi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Xunzi. Show all posts

January 28, 2013

Samuel Smiles, Edmond Holmes, Pringle-Pattison, Paul Tillich, Yaekara, Sri Aurobindo, and K.C. Bhattacharyya

Sri Aurobindo Society: Study circle meeting, 3 Lajapathi Roy Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, 10.30 a.m..

Life, the Auroville way Daily News & Analysis  Sunday, Jan 27, 2013, By Tasneem Akolawala: Mumbai
They fought the thoughts of materialism and lived a radically simple life, voluntarily. They had hand pumps, farms and animals that provided them with food and water. My romantic notions regarding the idea of Auroville were corrected when I realised that a lot of hard work went into living there. 

Anupama, experienced architect and designer, gives an interesting presentation on Auroville housing issues... Rodogune, dramatic romance - one of the five plays written by Sri Aurobindo, directed by Aryamani with huge casting crew.

Philosophy climbs up Thought’s cloud-bank peaks
And Science tears out Nature’s occult powers, [Savitri: 141.56 – 59]

Indian intimacy from Love of All Wisdom by Amod Lele
As an adult I have frequently admired the fiercely solitary asceticism found in Jain ideals, but I saw none of this in the Jains I knew as a child. I mostly just knew them as Indians who didn’t eat eggs, in the way that I knew Jews as North Americans who didn’t celebrate Christmas… But it’s important not to forget that while India’s greatest philosophers have typically had an integrity ascent orientation or something close to it, the mainstream of Indian society has all that time still looked rather Confucian.
These thoughts have led me to realize a broader point: the majority of societies in human history have had, by and large, an intimacy descent orientation… Mencius and Xunzi argue for and defend their claims, whereas Confucius himself simply presents them, as a collection of wise sayings… The modern West became the way that it did for a reason. And my previous criticism still stands: individualist and anti-family orientations do arise, and get defended, and endure, outside the modern West as well.  

Sri Aurobindo recommended cultivation of equanimity through the practice of Yoga, but that transformation won’t happen in one day. People have been working on it for centuries and lifetimes

A Bunch Of … sheeple of India from ANTIDOTE
the very first paragraph of Samuel Smiles’ classic instructs readers that, while self-help “strengthens” its practitioner, “help from without is enfeebling in its effects.” As students of Economic History ought to know, it was this Victorian moralists’ bestseller that, in translation, FIRED the JAPANESE in their “catch-up with the Advanced West” after the Meiji Restoration of the 1860s.” And the Japanese DID catch-up – but WITHOUT any FOREIGN AID! What applies to nations and peoples – it BEGINS with Individuals in those nations and peoples.

As we all know, capitalist accumulation is guided by the “invisible hand,” which ensures that the selfish and short-sighted choices of individual capitalists fit together into a beneficial whole that promotes long-term wealth-creation for all. What’s less well known is that for workers, the situation is reversed: their self-interested decisions add up to create a situation that is more and more disadvantageous for workers as a whole. 

(title unknown) from enowning In NDPR, Daniel L. Tate reviews Scott M. Campbell's The Early Heidegger's Philosophy of Life: Facticity, Being, and Language
“Heidegger was interested in the facticity of life as a dynamic context of meaningful relationships that admit different levels of intensity… Philosophizing is an activity that seeks to understand life and language from the experience of being an active participant in living and speaking… At stake in this project is not just the return of life to its factical origin, but also the revitalization of philosophy. Third, Campbell emphasizes the ambiguity in Heidegger's description of factical life. On the one hand, the world distracts us with worldly concerns that block us off from ourselves; on the other hand, it is replete with meaningful contexts that constitute our openness to the world. Campbell argues that this ambivalence regarding factical life simply reflects the human condition in its inherent ambiguity.”

The Hermetic Deleuze: Philosophy and Spiritual Ordeal Joshua Ramey: 2012
Western esotericism, specifically the lineage of hermetic thought that extends from Late Antiquity into the Renaissance through the work of figures such as Iamblichus, Nicholas of Cusa, Pico della Mirandola, and Giordano Bruno. In this book, Joshua Ramey examines the extent to which Deleuze's ethics, metaphysics, and politics were informed by, and can only be fully understood through, this hermetic tradition… Ramey offers both a new interpretation of Deleuze, particularly his insistence that the development of thought demands a spiritual ordeal, and a framework for retrieving the pre-Kantian paradigm of philosophy as spiritual practice. 10:22 pm

I suppose it's no coincidence that my favorite Christian theologians (e.g., Dionysius, Eckhart, Nicholas of Cusa, John Scottus Eriugena) often sound like vedic seers. For example, I might well have cited Nicholas to support the Cosmogenesis section of my bookThis is Not a Post About Vedanta and Christianity from One Cosmos by Gagdad Bob 7:11 am, 10:22 pm

Science, Culture and Integral Yoga :: 100 Years of Sri Aurobindo on Evolution: Why Sri Aurobindo would not believe in Intilligent Design (part 1 or 6) - by Debashish on Sun 22 Mar 2009 02:33 PM PDT Permanent Link - In The Life Divine, Sri Aurobindo often directs or turns an argument based on natural or phenomenological intuitions. The kinds of intuitions used by artists or poets in making judgements may seem impossibly subjective to arriving at universal truths, particularly of the material world, but poets and philosophers like Goethe and Giordano Bruno developed a cross-disciplinary view of knowledge, which gave them access also to a new material science. 3:41 pm, 10:22 pm 

The Long Trajectory: The Metaphysics of Reincarnation and Life ... - Page 283 - Eric M. Weiss - 2012 - Preview Sri Aurobindo's position is not “consciousness only” but rather a panpsychic position in which the potential for finitude, and even materiality, is built right into the ultimate ground of being. This move—starting with the full and the actual—is ...
The radical thinkers: Heidegger and Sri Aurobindo - Page 88 - Rhoda Priscella Le Cocq - 1972 - develop the finitude in Dasein even as a problem, without 'presupposing an infinitude?' At the end of his study of Kant, Heidegger recommends, as he does throughout all his works, ...
Nature Of God - Page 80 - Satya Prakash Singh - Preview According to him, changes take place in some or the other "piece of finitude" and by no means in the Absolute. ... Bergson is nearest to Whitehead and Sri Aurobindo inasmuch as his view of process is concerned but falls wholly apart from ...
Sri Aurobindo and Bergson: a synthetic study - Page 193 - Abhoy Chandra Bhattacharya - 1972 - Sri Aurobindo tells us that pain and misery are only temporary growth in the process of evolution. There is nothing as absolute pain or evil. Limitation and 1. The Life Divine, I, 170. finitude bring about dissatisfaction and painfulness.
The future of man according to Teilhard de Chardin and Aurobindo Ghose - Page 294 J. Chetany - 1978 - which speaks of Brahman as the immortal, immanent, soul and controller of all that exists. God is immanent in the world and yet is transcendent to its changes and finitude. He is the Supreme moral governor and the world redeemer.
New essays in the Bhagavadgītā: philosophical, methodological, and ... - Page 27 - Arvind Sharma - 1987 - At the root of this perpetual struggle is the finitude of human life. Kuruksetra represents for Aurobindo those moments of everyday struggle when human limits are exceeded and a crisis is reached: "Life (is) a battle and a field of death, this is...
Neo-Hegelian and neo-Advaitic monism: a study in converging ... - Page 111 - Lakshmī Saksenā - 1980 - The Religious Synthesis of The Age: In Aurobindo we have the profoundest expression of the religious ... 'The life Divine' appears to us primarily an attempt at justification of the ways of God to man in his present state of finitude.
History, culture and truth: essays presented to D.P. Chattopadhyaya - Page 378 - Daya Krishna, K. Satchidananda Murty - 1999 - Fallibility of human knowledge is further buttressed by the finitude of the human being. In other words ... This thesis may be substantiated by following the lines of arguments, among others, of Yaekara, Sri Aurobindo and K.C. Bhattacharyya… From my post-graduate days, when I developed my first familiarity with the works of Yaekara, Sri Aurobindo, Kant, Hegel...
Towards eternity; Sri Aurobindo birth centenary volume, 15th ... - Page 375 - Aurobindo GhoseV. Madhusudan Reddy - 1973 - the Samkhya man is a product of the same modes of ... Perhaps it was an expression of man's feelings of finitude, dependence and impotence. Imperfection required perfection; finite demanded ...
The philosophy of Sri Aurobindo - Page 84 - Ram Nath Sharma - 1963 - finitude. He shrinks to call the individual a member in the Absolute simply because, such an expression might imply that it is separately and ... Pattison equally emphasise the fact that the existence of finite.
The Integral Advaitism of Sri Aurobindo - Page x Rāmacandra Miśra - 1998 - Preview that Sri Aurobindo has developed his system of the Vedanta on the solid foundations of logic and epistemology. ... But it will be realised by him, when in the course of cosmic evolution, man transcends his finitude in an absolute way and rises ...
The philosophy of integralism, or, The metaphysical synthesis ... - Page 345 - Haridas Chaudhuri - 1954 - Having found all current solutions unsatisfactory he considers it prudent not to strain human ingenuity beyond the utmost limit. Neither the finitude of the created universe, nor the reign of Law in Nature, appears to him to contain any rational ...
Emotions in Asian Thought: A Dialogue in Comparative Philosophy - Page 101 - Joel MarksRoger T. Ames, Robert C. Solomon - 1995 - Preview - More editions A contemporary of Tillich's in this tradition, Sri Aurobindo, proposed a philosophy... So the soul strives to overcome the ambivalence of finitude, and yearns for an existence that has recovered its essence, knowing that one must forever be a ...
Main currents in modern thought - Volumes 19-20 - Page 94 - Center for Integrative EducationFoundation for Integrated Education - 1962 - The New Being will realize his finitude, his conditionedness, and the finitude of all of his creations in relation to the ultimate Unconditioned source of all being, God. Unlike Teilhard de Chardin and Aurobindo, Tillich does not think of the New ...
Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy - Page 57 - Oliver Leaman - 2001 - Preview - More editions Aurobindo's realist metaphysics was polarized in terms of an ultimately unknowable and ineffable God or Brahman and a ... Brahman, understood as Perfect Being, Conscious-Will and Bliss evolves itself into a realm of finitude terminating in ...
Thinkers Of Indian Renaissance - Page 207 - S A Abbasi - 1998 - Preview The finitude of the world will affect the infinitude of Brahman and introduce spatio-temporal limitations into it, which will be ... This conception of Samkara and his defenders is challenged by Sri Aurobindo, who holds that one can establish ...
Karma and Rebirth: Post Classical Developments - Page 19 - Ronald Wesley Neufeldt - 1986 - Preview - More editions for Aurobindo, given the absolute nature of the phenomenal process, evolution is inevitable and freedom must be seen in an integral light. The free human being cooperates with the process, ... It therefore has a significance beyond finitude.
The integral philosophy of Sri Aurobindo: a commemorative symposium - Page 145 - Haridas ChaudhuriFrederic Spiegelberg - 1960 - ... 'deficiency' and, as such, arises from limitation and finitude, and the 'desire' which arises out of the fullness of being. ... This question cannot be answered if the 'why' seeks to discover a 'purpose' in or behind creation. In Sri Aurobindo's ...
Sri Aurobindo and the theories of evolution: a critical and ... - Page 357 - Rama Shanker Srivastava - 1968 - Firstly, it is erroneous to ignore the finitude and imperfection of parts as pantheism does. ... the Absolute is pure Being, the One and the All. "The Supermind is synthetic," observes Sri Aurobindo, "only on the lowest spaces of itself; where it has ...
Sri Aurobindo and the future of mankind - Page 112 - Adhar Chandra Das - 1934 - ... master principle which is the ground as well as the goal of evolution, and it is half-revealed in man who in his finitude is confronted by the Infinite. ... In Aurobindo's words, " The world has three layers, infra-ethical, ethical
An introduction to the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo - Page 18S.K. Maitra - 1945 - Aurobindo says, "World-existence is the ecstatic dance of Shiva ... its sole absolute object is the joy of the dancing. ... Even the relative and the finite can rise above their relativity and finitude in proportion as they share this eternal bliss. Bliss...
The concept of māyā from the Vedas to the 20th century - Page 27 - Ruth Reyna - 1962 - So, too, there is an element of negation in Aurobindo's teaching which he does not deny; but what he terms the negative ... Self-expression in the sphere of relativity, the Infinite power of self-manifestation under the aspect of finitude, is maya.
The Vedic epiphany, an exposition and celebration of the inaugural ... - Volume 1 - Page 123 - V. Madhusudan ReddyAurobindo GhoseInstitute of Human Study - 1994 - As regards the functions of the gods Sri Aurobindo is very clear. ... This is possible if man moves from Falsehood to Truth and from finitude to infinitude and integrality.
Sri Aurobindo's philosophy of evolution - Page xv - V. Madhusudan Reddy - 1966 - PREFACE Sri Aurobindo's philosophy is a new and creative synthesis which holds together and reconciles many contradictions. The logic of the Infinite and the logic of finitude appear in it side by side. It is difficult to write about a philosophy of ...
Philosophy of evolution: Western and Indian - Page 101 - Jaideva Singh - 1970 - ... how does Reality which is spaceless manifest itself in space; how does the Infinite assume finitude? Aurobindo's solution of the problem is that it is the Supermind, a wonderful power of the Absolute that brings about the manifestation of the ...
The philosophy of Advaita: a transition from Śakara to Śrī Aurobindo - Page 403 - Priti Sinha - 1986 - But this involvement in finitude is the temporary phase. Atman is finally to be withdrawn from this structure. Ultimately it is possible only through knowledge. Sri Aurobindo too realises fully that Atman is to be conceived as different from the body ...
Philosophy and religion: essays in interpretation - Page 183 - Jarava Lal Mehta - 2004 - ... way of the Rishis. Regarded as an independent means of transcending human finitude through total self-transformation, it ran a parallel course, outside the central Vedic stream, but often with close interaction between the two. In Aurobindo ...
Sri Aurobindo Ghose: the dweller in the lands of silence - Page 10 - William KlubackMichael Finkenthal - 2001 - We would read other texts of Sri Aurobindo. We would read his poetry. We yearned to embrace what was not embraceable. We longed to define what was not definable. In finitude we discovered inadequacies; in mortality the ambiguity of the...
The splendour of Sri Aurobindo's muse - Page 177 - Jagdish Saran Agarwal - 1983 - They are described as having grown in some strange land or some garden of Eden, on some sward untrod by Time. "White as moon upon the desert sand, Petal-pure from taint of finitude, On sward untrod by Time strange lilies stand, Lift gars ...
Sri Aurobindo's integral approach to political thought - Page 45 - Shiva Kumar Mital - 1981 - They owe their existence to the finitude of the human mind, to the discriminating activity of human thought. Thus, according to idealism, then, change is unreal in some sense or other. Time is a prisoner in the house of the spirit. Reality in its ...
Annual - Issues 15-19 - Page 112 - Sri Aurobindo mandir, Calcutta - 1956 - arrived at on the question of the existence or non-existence of the soul after death, the finitude or infinitude of the world, etc. Edmund Holmes' remarks on this story are also very significant. He says,(4) "When we ...
Proceedings - Page 237 - International Association for the History of ReligionsNihon Gakujutsu Kaigi - 1960 - For the real man is nothing but God in the conditions of finitude and wearing a material vesture and limited in vital power and mental abilities. Sri Aurobindomaintains that all Yogas, indeed all religions for that matter, are essentially ...
Mainstream - Volume 34, Issues 1-26 - Page 51 - 1995 - One problem man has always tried to resolve is the problem relating to the finitude of existence. ... To quote Sri Aurobindo: Our spiritual evolution ascends therefore through the relative to the absolute, through the finite to the infinite, through all ...

November 19, 2012

Sri Aurobindo is still a marginal figure in academia

Between Mental Manufacture and Pure Transcript The Viability of a Theory of Poetry in the Letters of Sri Aurobindo - Vinod Valiathakidi Balakrishnan Associate Professor, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015,  Tamilnadu, India Email: winokrish@yahoo.co.uk Published April 18, 2012
It is a matter of amusement that a person like Sri Aurobindo who has substantially contributed to the understanding, consolidation, propagation, and furthering of Indian thought should still be a marginal figure in academia. Sri Aurobindo’s contribution to the many aspects of Indian Culture makes him a cultural institution whose value must be cherished and merits critical revaluations from time to time. This study is a response to that perceived need…
So, there is an engagement, a dialogue, an interaction between the well-considered question and the appropriate response. There is also the possibility of keener application to problems because at the time of replying to each of his interlocutors, Sri Aurobindo was responding to a given problem where all the other issues would be kept in abeyance. Perhaps, even he was unaware of the multitude of issues identified and attended while the beautiful conversation on poetry, with multiple interlocutors, was unfolding. In this respect, the Letters may be seen to resemble Plato’s Republic or Sir Philip Sidney’s An Apology for Poetry.

HIndus and their enemies PIONEER SATURDAY, 17 NOVEMBER 2012
Koenraad Elst’s book suffers from occasional ignorance of recent developments. Readers need to separate the wheat from the chaff to benefit from his criticisms, writes Navaratna Rajaram
Where the author goes wrong is when he ventures into unfamiliar territory like science (genetics) where he fails to distinguish between transient opinion and fact. It is not easy to do full justice to a book that covers such a large territory. There are discussions of karma and rebirth, humour in Hinduism, Macaulay, historicity of the Vedas and the like in which he expresses opinions on these and other topics where the reader has to accept or reject them based on one’s own beliefs and prejudices. (This reviewer found most of them to be familiar and a few, like his interpretation of apauresheya, to be plain wrong. Philosophy, metaphysics in particular, is not the author’s strength.) All told, the patient reader will find the book provocative even if the author’s positions are not always sound. The reviewer is the author of several books on Indian history and his current interest is history and philosophy of science

I was born in a home of broad-minded Hindus. My father, though by caste a Brahmin, never wore a thread. His own father’s brother was a lifelong opponent of the caste system; a hostel he opened for Dalit students still functions in Bangalore city. My mother went from time to time to a temple, but was happy to eat with or make food for humans of any background or creed. Two of her brothers had married out of caste; a third had married a German.

Sri Aurobindo and Hinduism by Peter Heehs (from AntiMatters)
I am not, and never have been a religious person. My parents were Protestant Christians, though neither was religious. I was sent to Sunday school in order to satisfy my grandmother, but took no interest at all in what was taught there, and never entered a church or any other place of worship as a worshipper. If I ever stepped into a church (or synagogue or mosque or temple) it was to admire the architecture and artworks, and perhaps also to enjoy the atmosphere of peace that sometimes fills such places. But I found the beliefs and practices of every religion I encountered to be pointless and uninteresting. The search for truth was important to me; but it never crossed my mind that religion could be any help in this. Rather I turned to poetry, philosophy and psychological experimentation in my search for enlightenment. These interests led me to yoga and, because yoga usually is taught by people who come from the Hindu tradition, I was exposed to the literature and some of the practices of the Hindu religion. I found, and still find, the literature profound and significant. As for the practices, I found them colourful and charming, though certainly not the sort of thing I could incorporate into my life. 
Now you may well ask, why should I, a non-Hindu, choose to speak about Sri Aurobindo and Hinduism? … What he offered in his major works was a means to achieve an experiential truth that surpasses the doctrines and practices any religion of the past or present. He did not prohibit religious expression, but he expected those who needed it to rise above sectarianism and conventionality. For such things can only act against the full expression of his work. At the same time he offered those who were proud of their Hindu heritage an unusual opportunity. They could serve as links between an ancient religion and the new possibilities offered by his path of yoga. A Hinduism open to the transformative power of this yoga could become a force for transformation in the world. 

“Freedom” is among the most central concepts in our political vocabulary. I think it is deservedly so. But it’s also a concept with a notoriously large number of meanings. Libertarians identify freedom simply with the absence of state coercion; by contrast, the most widely used Sanskrit term with an equivalence to freedom is probably moka, liberation from the suffering of worldly existence. And the most common use of “freedom” today is something different again: the ability to make unrestricted choices, to decide for oneself what one will do.
Freedom in this sense of choice played a fairly limited role in premodern political thought, and I think this is because the ancients understood its limitations. Human beings often do not make the best decisions for themselves. At a large scale, we get addicted to alcohol and other drugs; we fall into paralyzing depression and even suicide; we get misled by demagogues into murderous hatreds. At a smaller level, we lash out in anger at minor annoyances; we procrastinate the things we know it would be best for us to do; we get bitter and vain about matters of social status and material possessions. Given all this, the ability to make choices can be bad for us, since the choices themselves are so often bad.
All this is the view, shared by XunziAugustine, and Freud, which I have referred to in the past as chastened intellectualism. (I have tempered my enthusiasm for chastened intellectualism on the grounds that the good elements to human nature should not be ignored, but the bad ones remain there as well.) It is well known that Xunzi also endorsed a political system which greatly restricted freedom (in the sense of choice). Looking at all the terrible things people do, how can you trust them to make decisions for themselves? …
The view I have just articulated has some affinities with political libertarianism, which is similarly suspicious of government attempts to make decisions in the name of people’s individual best interests. It is not the same, however. A critique of libertarianism could take its own post. Suffice it to say here that given the importance of money and property in creating possibilities for action, insofar as individual choice is a good, that good is not actually best realized by a social system that keeps many people in abject poverty.

Eamonn Butler: “Friedrich Hayek: the ideas and influence of the libertarian economist”
Holding to his unfashionable convictions for decades led Hayek into intellectual isolation. He was, albeit, politely tolerated rather than listened to by faculty in the universities he taught at. Mainstream economics passed him by during the Keynesian years.  Nobody, for example, mentioned him during my undergraduate years from 1965-69…
Hayek’s life and legacy testify to the lasting power of ideas over the fleeting influence of individual politicians who, because they misunderstand the dynamics of human societies, normally promote the wrong ideas. Radicals of Left and Right believe they can change society by capturing the legislature to correct what they regard as society’s systemic errors. Hayek noted, sardonically, that if designed changes tried to change the world, we cannot be sure that the outcome would please either its designers or those affected by their changes.
Hayek insisted that human institutions throughout history were the result of countless individual human actions, but not from anyone’s deliberate designs.  Yet while human institutions from the primitive to the most complex have some sort of order within them, it does not follow that they were or can be deliberately invented.  Hayek called the process through which societies formed over time examples of “spontaneous order”… Hayek affirmed that a free society was not one without rules or government – rulers and citizens remain constrained by the predictable rule of law, not the whims of designers.