Showing posts with label Freud. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Freud. Show all posts

March 03, 2013

A day of consecration, of self-examination and a preparation

Sri Aurobindo Society: Study circle meeting on ‘The Mother on Savitri,’ 3 Lajapathi Roy Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, 10.30 a.m. ~ Sri Aravindar Annai Trust: Collective meditation, Aravindar Annai Relics Meditation Centre, 12 Aravindar Avenue, Tirunagar, 10 a.m.

Auronet Sunday 3 Mar ~ Contact Us Call Us: +91 413 2623424
Class - Savitri Bhavan 10:30 AM Savitri Study Circle at Savitri Bhavan
Class - Verite Hall 06:45 AM Vinyasa Yoga with Einat - in Vérité
Exhibition - Savitri Bhavan 09:00 AM Exhibition - Meditations on Savitri at Savitri Bhavan
Exhibition - Pitanga 10:00 AM Light beyond skin
Exhibition - Exhibition: Chantal GOWA (Shanta) Rétrospective 03:00 PM Exhibition: Chantal GOWA (Shanta) Rétrospective
Exhibition - UNITY PAVILION 04:30 PM Matrimandir and The Park of Unity
For general information about Auroville please visit us at auroville.org
Birth is a blue print for the rest of the life, if we invest in a peaceful gentle birth, we invest in the future life that lies ahead of this person. If a birth is full of trauma the person needs to work on removing the obstacles during his whole life. The Art of Midwifery is to guide by being still, pure presence, observing and guiding through the Heart, with as less as possible medical interventions; to support women in their authentic feminine power and to reconnect to their own strength and authenticity. 

Listen to an inspiring piece of broadcasting history as Mother announces the inauguration of Auroville live across India on 28 February 1968. The recording was made with Mother sitting in Pondicherry while 5000 founding members of Auroville conducted the inauguration ceremony nearby at the Matrimandir Amphitheater. Thanks to All India Radio, her reading of the original Charter of Auroville in French was broadcast live to the amphitheater, as well as across India, while soil representing 124 nations and 23 Indian states was placed in the ground. 

Additional remarks made by Sri Aurobindo regarding the first two predictions seen above
Sri Aurobindo explained that when something is decided in the higher plane, the decision may be communicated to men who are fit to receive it. Thus when living in Alipur Jail he himself got definite prophecy about the war of 1914. Mirra [the Mother] received such a prophecy about the Chinese revolution. Then he referred to a vision he saw at the time of the last European war. Two eagles were trying to go through a mountain pass and a strong gale was blowing against them and above that scene he saw the words 1931. This was not a definite prophecy as before but Sri Aurobindo interpreted it in this manner: the two eagles obviously referred to Austria and Germany and the whole scene represented a cataclysm of which obviously the European war was the beginning; it would end in 1931 by the dissolution of the British empire and the eventual liberation of India. This was not a definite prophecy but only Sri Aurobindo’s interpretation of the vision he saw.

Comment on Conversations with Sri Aurobindo recorded by Anilbaran Roy, Part 3 by Anurag Banerjee Sri Aurobindo’s speech on l5th August 1926 as recorded by A.B. Purani
But we have attached a special importance to this day and it is justified if we live in the light of the Truth it symbolises. For this day we can fix a mark in the stage in the individual and general progress. It is a day which ought to be a day of consecration, of self-examination and a preparation for future advance, if possible, for the reception of a special Power which would carry on the work of advance. This can only be done in each individually if he takes up the true attitude and lives on that day under the right conditions. That was what I meant when I spoke the other day. It is we who can make it a decisive day in this sense, and it is we who can help to fulfill it.

This interview truly reveals the thoughts of Sri Aurobindo. Though, strictly speaking, I am not follower of Sri Aurobindo but am greatly influenced by the way he has amalgamated philosophy, psychology and science into spirituality on one hand and sociology, religion and nationalism on the other hand particularly at macro level in his spiritual thoughts. I feel convinced that while pursuing my studies in application of Quantum Physics, Non-local Reality and Genetics I must have further in-depth understanding of Sri Aurobindo’s thoughts. Virender Ghai, Gurgaon

The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do, and How to Change - Page 217 - Charles Duhigg - 2012 - Preview - More editions Social habits are what fill streets with protesters who may not know one another, who might be marching for different reasons, but who are all moving in the same direction. Social habits are why some initiatives become world-changing ... How Movements Happen from The Tao of Wealth by Sreekanth

Reading On Psychoanalysis will provide anyone interested in Ricoeur’s hermeneutics the chance to discern and even admire the continuity and remarkable coherence of his views on Freud over a period of about thirty years. Second, the texts simultaneously indicate the development of his philosophy by revealing new questions that preoccupied Ricoeur from the 1970s onwards and that shaped his thinking in the latter years of his life. Some of these thematic concerns had to do with language, text and narrative. 

Husserl’s famous battle cry calls thinking to return to the ‘things themselves’, that which is given, or that which presences and is present. Yet, this very challenge, the question of presence, has drawn quite different responses from those thinkers who have engaged with the inheritance of phenomenology. Now more than ever, phenomenology must contend with a scientific world view which describes the world by that which is withheld and yet underpins all that is given. 

Latour prefers a geostorical connective tissue woven out of “loops” to the historical-spherical project of globalization. Spheres, “from Plato to Nato,” have disconnected us from the local, narrative knowledges of the Earth Community. In the rush toward “global thinking,” Man has tried to unify too quickly what should have been composed slowly, taking great care to follow the networks, the feedback loops, that tie us to this planet and her uncanny life. This work of composition is not simply cognitive (i.e., scientific), but also affective (i.e., political).
Gaia has no central control station. She is not an all-seeing sphere, but a complex assemblage whose life is precariously composed by an indefinite multiplicity of chemical, microbial, and, increasingly, human teloi. She is not a unified actor; Her agency is fully distributed, which is why her face is so frightening.

Tweets 5 hrs - Steven Shaviro @shaviro I have the same experience reading Laruelle as I do reading Schelling: amazing formulations emerge in the midst of stuff I just can't parse.

Review – English Vinglish from sunayana.com I am a bit disappointed that, at all the glittering award ceremonies that took place recently, English Vinglish did not receive more awards. In my eyes this was by far the best film that was produced from the Mumbai film … finish reading Review – English Vinglish

February 19, 2013

Sri Aurobindo's Copernican revolution in Vedic hermeneutics

The philosophy of integralism, or, The metaphysical synthesis ... - Page 81 - Haridas Chaudhuri - 1954 - Russell says that the notion of the universe is traceable to an anthropocentric outlook generated by the geocentricism of pre-Copernican astronomy. But he conveniently turns a blind eye to the fact that the advocates of one all-embracing ...
On Samuel Hugo Bergman's Philosophy - Page 39 Abraham Zvie Bar-On - 1986 - Preview - More editions ... a revolution in modern philosophy, which in Bergman's view was not less important than his "Copernican Revolution". ... To express his admiration Bergman quoted the words of the renowned Hindu thinker Sri Aurobindo: Man must be ...
Sri Aurobindo circle - Issue 32 - Page 91 - Aurobindo GhoseSri Aurobindo AshramSri Aurobindo Society - 1976 - and more in the evolving ... The New Copernican Revolution, as it is called, proposes a profounder change in the scientific picture and paradigm itself. And as Kuhn puts it, when ...
Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta: The Yoga of Sri Aurobindo - Page 137 - Nolini Kanta Gupta - 1972 - ... and link up mind and intellect with that reality. This is the Copernican revolution that Science brought about in the modern outlook. Philosophers like Kant or Berkeley may say another thing and even science itself just nowadays may appear.
Annual - Page 78 - Sri Aurobindo mandir, Calcutta - 1982 - the rise of a Fuehrer or a Dictator seems to have been a ... That is not the Copernican revolution that is needed in the social body today. Money was always a power and those who had money were always ...
The Advent - Volumes 27-28 - Page 25 - Sri Aurobindo Ashram - 1970 - SCIENCE AND ... It was this world-picture, accommodated to the practical needs of science and supported by theological orthodoxy, which became the target of the so-called "Copernican Revolution". We must notice ...
Sri Aurobindo's philosophy of evolution - Page 34 - V. Madhusudan Reddy - 1966 - ... yet confirmed, *In the words of the physicist Niels Bohr, " We are both spectators and actors in the great drama of existence." was regarded as the centre of the universe. The Copernican 
Sri Aurobindo: a biography and a history - Volume 2 - Page 1223 - K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar - 1972 - Writing of the essential character of the poem, Sri Aurobindo wrote in 1947: Savitri is the record of a seeing, of an experience which is not of the common kind and is often. " ibid., p. 864. 66 ibid., p. 829. In terms of Copernican astronomy, of s ...
Bharata manisha quarterly - Volume 4 - Page 19 - 1978 - Sri Aurobindo's is such a Copernican revolution as his method of symbolic interpretation of the Veda provides the secret key to unravel the spiritual ... Herein lies the significance of Sri Aurobindo's Copernican revolution in Vedic hermeneutics.
The Theosophist - Volume 92 - Page 111 - Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, Annie Wood Besant - 1970 - The matter is excellently summed up as usual by Aurobindo, who is acutely conscious of the need to make humanly ... as was the Copernican recovery of helio-centricity to the preceding ignorance in regard to the operation of our Solar system.
The Hindu quest for the perfection of man - Page 165 - Troy Wilson Organ - 1970 - ... the Copernican, the Darwinian, the Marxian, and the Freudian to challenge the fundamental assumptions upon which ... In Hinduism the Westerner can look in upon Aurobindo, "The Indian Conception of Life," The Indian Philosophical ...
Prabuddha bharata: or awakened India - Volume 91 - Page 283 - Vivekananda (Swami)Advaita Ashrama - 1986 - Often the revolutions of the modern centuries (Copernican. Industrial. French, Darwinian and the ... Aurobindo as a modern Jnani and Gandhi as a modern Karma-yogi have paved the path to moksha. Professional academic philosophers like ...
Nivedita commemoration volume - Page 247 - Sister Nivedita, Amiya Kumar Mazumdar - 1968 - SRI AUROBINDO'S CONCEPT OF MAN A NEO-KANTIAN REVIEW D. P. CHATTOPADHYAYA If philosophy is defined in ... Since the days of Kant and primarily because of his (anthropocentric) Copernican Revolution this view has become ...
Philosophical consciousness and scientific knowledge: conceptual ... - Page 107 - Debi Prasad Chattopadhyaya, Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy, and Culture. Sub Project: Consciousness, Science, Society, Value, and Yoga - 2004 -  ... in the Interuniversal Essence while experiencing an unfolding of the nested hierarchy of Being (Sri Aurobindo). ... universe we inhabit almost the same way Copernican Revolution demolished the unique position of the Earth in the cosmos.
The moon of Hoa Binh: a novel - Volume 2 - Page 588 - Nha Trang Công Huyè̂n Tôn NWilliam L. Pensinger - 1994 - "He [Steiner] credits Goethe with a discovery of a Copernican scale: the Beautiful is not, as 'Platonic' art theory asserts, ... himself in agreement with Webern (not to mention with the objectives Aurobindo had in mind for the practice of yoga).
No other name?: a critical survey of Christian attitudes toward ... - Page 149 - Paul F. Knitter - 1985 - He appeals to Sri Aurobindo's "logic of the Infinite": all we can say about the ultimate reality is much more a matter of ... A New Christology Hick does not evade the implications of his Copernican revolution: "This paradigm shift involves a ...
Newsletter - Volume 9, Issues 1-14 - Page 9 - Institute of Noetic Sciences - 1981 - ... as diverse as Aldous Huxley, Teilhard de Chardin, Sri Aurobindo, Joseph Campbell, Michael Polanyi, and Carl jung. ... as the Industrial Revolution, and simultaneously a conceptual revolution as shaking as the Copernican Revolution.

February 05, 2013

Professor's opacity as a productive principle

The Uttarpara speech was made after deep God-realization, although it has been misinterpreted and appropriated for sectarian purposes by those who do not understand the universality of Sanatana Dharma. I don’t think he ever rejected the speech, because the same theme is repeated in the “five dreams” message he gave when India became free in 1947.

Jabberwock: Divine savages and “real” truth 17 Oct 2011 [Did a shorter version of this for my Sunday Guardian books column]
There is no such thing as an “objective” reader or reviewer – our feelings about a book are shaped by many things working in conjunction: personal experiences, biases, genetic makeup, level of engagement with a subject, and so on. The best a reviewer can do is to admit the necessary subjectivity of his perspective and then tackle a book as honestly as possible.

The Other Tale of Indian Modernity: Savita Singh by Pratilipi Blog January 30, 2013
As an interpreter invariably does while understanding the truth, I too do not presume that the entire truth lies in the text itself. For, after the truth has been communicated to the readers, and some clarity has been brought to the text compared to its previous reading, the truth still remains. Truth perhaps is a remainder. In the light of this position on ...

It was Freud, Nietzsche, and Marx who taught us that the subject is split or barred, and that our relationship to ourselves is characterized by a fundamental meconaissance. In the Freudo-Nietzschean constellation, this split is between the conscious ego that takes itself to be the one calling the shots, and those acephalous unconscious desires or that unconscious will of which we are but an effect. It is this unconscious desire or will that is calling the shots, not the sovereign ego. In the case of Marx, this split nature of the subject is located in the way we are caught up in social relations that exceed our conscious intentionality, functioning as determinants of our action…
Hume begins with an obvious “common sense” thesis about how we come to know– “all knowledge originates in sensations” –yet in holding fast to this thesis he unsettles all our common sense about knowledge and the world. Husserl begins with an obvious thesis– “look at the things themselves!” –yet in executing this project he unsettles our assumptions about what it is to experience the world and objects, opening a vast domain that continues to challenge central assumptions in cognitive science, psychology, the social sciences, etc. 5:27 am

Great Moments in the Classroom from Larval Subjects January 31, 2008 Students shuffling out of the classroom after a discussion of Platonic realism and the possibility of transcendent, objective values independent of culture, history, and individual determination.
STUDENT: “This class is impossible.”
ME (Alarmed): “Why?”
STUDENT: “We come in here thinking we understand the world and now we discover that everything we think might be mistaken.”

I think what was most important in the comment was the statement that “everything we think might be mistaken”. That is, the conditional. The world becoming questionable or mysterious is a condition, I think, for practicing philosophy. In the philosophy classroom– especially at the introductory level –I believe the production of this space of the question is the most important and significant thing to be accomplished. That is, the teaching of philosophy shouldn’t be about demonstrating a particular doctrine, nor is it simply about acquainting students with a variety of different philosophical positions (though that’s important), but is rather about opening the space of questionability as such.

I go back and forth on the question of whether anything should be pushed in the classroom. In part I think about Socrates and how you can never pin down what his position might be or if he even has one. In part I think about the nature of the analyst’s position in the analytic setting, where the analyst sets his own desire to the side so that the analysand might discover his or her own desire. It seems to me that this opacity of the professors own positions can function as a sort of productive principle where the students progressively discover their own thought as they try to figure out what it is that the professor thinks or wants. I guess in my own teaching I try to advocate fully for whatever material it is I’m teaching. One moment I’ll be vigorously defending Kierkegaard or Augustine, only to shift to Lucretius or Nietzsche. I’ll bring critical tools to bear on one tradition from another tradition, and so on. I can’t decide whether there’s a principle behind this or not. I would like to think that part of the aim is to undermine attachments to the professor as “master”. Here I always think back to Deleuze’s remark that “the best teachers are never those who say ‘do as I do’ (representation), but who invite to ‘do with me’”.

November 28, 2012

Sri Aurobindo – the tallest Vedic intellect

Tweets 23 Nov Sangeeta Goswami ‏@SangeetaRG @yrskmohan '12 years with Sri Aurobindo' by Nirod baran and #LIfeDivine the books always on my desk :) @Back2Vedas  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party  View conversation
22 Nov Rajarshi ‏@TheRajarshi Marvelous, fiery opposition to a world-negating end of the spiritual journey. Sri Aurobindo.  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
20 Nov ∫ubra ‏@IntegralUnity @NirvaniBliss Vivekananda was his spiritual guru (as he was for many) Aurobindo's writings would be v useful from a western pov  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party  View conversation
25 Nov Rajmohan Srinivas ‏@yrskmohan @Back2Vedas but my goes not to Aurobindo, but to Mother. If Sri Aurobindo was theory she was a practical demonstration.  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party  View conversation
19h Gautam Chikermane ‏@gchikermane While on the subject, another absolute must-read: The Future Poetry by Sri Aurobindo http://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/ashram/sriauro/downloadpdf.php?id=39 …  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
21 Nov Rajarshi ‏@TheRajarshi Finally got a framed, large photograph of Sri Aurobindo. Was looking out for one. Veritable silence on a throne of equipoise. Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
22 Nov Rajarshi ‏@TheRajarshi More I read and contemplate on Sri Aurobindo's writings, more I get amazed. In my opinion, the tallest Vedic intellect in a very long time.  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
22 Nov Rajarshi ‏@TheRajarshi There are clear Tantric roots in the first impetus which drove Sri Aurobindo towards sadhana. He wanted Shakti, to liberate India. Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
22 Nov Rajarshi ‏@TheRajarshi It was Sri Aurobindo who told Tilak that moderates cannot be carried along. The revolutionaries wanted to break free, aim for full swaraj.  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
23 Nov Kunal Dave ‏@kunal_nd @Back2Vedas agree on dat front. Infact if u look at history in 2nd world war it was Sri Aurobindo who gav powers to Churchill against Hitler.  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party  View conversation
21h krishnarjun ‏@krishnarjun108 When compared to the intellectual debates stimulated by the likes of Dayananda, Aurobindo hindu thought output abysmal after independence  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
20 Nov Rangesh Sridhar ‏@kshetragnya @visaraj that Tilak and Aurobindo spearheaded was the first truly mass movement. and all we hear is Gandhi Archanai (3/n)  Retweeted by Savitri Era Party
26 Nov Savitri Era Party ‏@SavitriEraParty @saliltripathi With a slight modification of course, with Sri Aurobindo and his 1947 Five Dreams as the pivot. @sabhlok  View conversation
20m Savitri Era Party ‏@SavitriEraParty [Mimicry, mockery or mumukṣutva? A response to Deepak Sarma, by Jeffery D. Long - from Love of All Wisdom by Amod Lele] http://loveofallwisdom.com/2012/11/mimicry-mockery-or-mumuk%e1%b9%a3utva-a-response-to-deepak-sarma-by-jeffery-d-long/ …

So how can we know what she intended then and what she intends now for Auroville’s material development? Ultimately, the only way to know this for sure is to attain to the same consciousness as hers. Failing this, however, (and I assume that most of us do fail in this) there may be other indications.  ...
In the absence of unmistakable clues like this perhaps our wisest method, if we feel we need to ‘update’ or interpret Mother (and, let’s face it, we are doing it all the time), is first to try to understand the spirit or the principle behind some of her proposals. 11:36 AM Friday, March 04, 2011 8:09 AM

IPI: Events for December: International Workshop on Healing, Counselling & Therapy based on Principles of Indian Psychology Organised by Centre for Indian Psychology, JGI, at Jain University Global Campus, Bangaluru, December 13 – 15, 2012. For details see the invitation brochure. For registration use the application form

'Between Then and Now': The Changing Pattern of Modern Oriya ... indianfolklore.org by S Chhotaray – 2010 Narratives of Regional Identity: Revisiting Modern Oriya Theatre from 1880-1980 Sharmila Chhotaray
Ramshankar Ray’s Kanchi Kaveri, is generally recognized as the first modern Oriya theatre, staged in Cuttack in the year 1880… Aswini kumar Ghosh, one of the pioneers of Oriya drama in the second decade of 20th century wrote his first play Bhisma (1915) in blank verse… After 1939, Oriya drama moved toward a highly commercial market. Kalicharan Pattanayak switched over from Rasa and Lila, the traditional lyrical dramas to social plays like Girls’ School performed on Proscenium stage in his Orissa Theatres in 1939…
In sixties, a paradox was seen in Oriya Theater by the playwright Gopal Chhotray who provided the new orientation to the poetic plays of the popular Jatra playwrights. However, these revived myth-based and tradition-bound plays till the end of sixties could only attract its maximum popularity at the mass level.
The third phase is the post 1960S of Oriya theatre: The new drama movement. The gradual decline of Annapurna theatre paved way to the new drama era of Manoranjan Das followed by Bijay Mishra, Biswajit Das, Byomakesh Tripathy, Jadunath Das Mohapatra, Basant Mohapatra, Ratnakar Chaini and Ramesh Prasad Panigrahi. Theatre during this period modern experiment such as these inspired by Brecht, Freud and Sartre. However, the experimental and epic theaters were not found in favor (Tripathy, 1995:52)…
Manoranjan’s Bana Hansi (Wild Duck) pioneered the new drama movement that heralded a new era and opened up a whole new vista of new ideas. Das followed European dramatists like Ibsen, O’Neil, and Eliot’s symbolic expressionism but Freud’s psychoanalysis was the crucial aspect of his play. If Manoranjan showed psychological time by mingling the past, the present and the future, Bijoy Mishra in his Shaba Bahaka Mane (The pall-bearers) spoke of the real, actual time and in his play the time of action corresponded to performance. Mishra’s play has been called the first absurd Oriya play. Similarly, Biswajit Das depicts contemporary society and the living reality in his plays like Mrugaya, (the royal Hunt). In this play he has showed how darkness is the essence of the life and the gap between what we want and what we get increases. He has also contributed lighting techniques to the Oriya stage, which was underdeveloped for long. To break this absurdist tradition or combining other traditions into this new dramatic revolution, Ramesh Panigrahi and Ratnakar Chaini contributed new kinds of plays. Chaini made an appropriate use of myth to contemporize the theatre experience. Both of them have been highly influenced by Shakespeare, Shepherd etc and tried to reflect it in their play a psychoanalytical exploration of marital crisis… For instance, the common ‘Oriya mind’ was not prepared to accept the ‘absurd’ plays for long.

Indian literature - Volume 38, Issues 1-3 - Page 99 - Sahitya Akademi - 1995 - When 'Srujani' the famous theatre group of Orissa was established in 1964, for it, he wrote plays: Banahansi, Aranya Fasala, Amrutasya Putrah, Katha Ghoda, Urmi, Sabdalipi, Klanta Prajapati, Bitarhita Aparahna and Nandika Keshari. Authors speak - SaccidānandanSāhitya Akādemī - 2006 - Preview - More editions The products of this new creative consciousness include Banahansi (1966), Aranya fasala (1970) and Katha Ghoda (1972). In Banahansi, the failure both in love and in family of a couple is depicted and the play ends with their intense agony of ...

November 19, 2012

Sri Aurobindo is still a marginal figure in academia

Between Mental Manufacture and Pure Transcript The Viability of a Theory of Poetry in the Letters of Sri Aurobindo - Vinod Valiathakidi Balakrishnan Associate Professor, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015,  Tamilnadu, India Email: winokrish@yahoo.co.uk Published April 18, 2012
It is a matter of amusement that a person like Sri Aurobindo who has substantially contributed to the understanding, consolidation, propagation, and furthering of Indian thought should still be a marginal figure in academia. Sri Aurobindo’s contribution to the many aspects of Indian Culture makes him a cultural institution whose value must be cherished and merits critical revaluations from time to time. This study is a response to that perceived need…
So, there is an engagement, a dialogue, an interaction between the well-considered question and the appropriate response. There is also the possibility of keener application to problems because at the time of replying to each of his interlocutors, Sri Aurobindo was responding to a given problem where all the other issues would be kept in abeyance. Perhaps, even he was unaware of the multitude of issues identified and attended while the beautiful conversation on poetry, with multiple interlocutors, was unfolding. In this respect, the Letters may be seen to resemble Plato’s Republic or Sir Philip Sidney’s An Apology for Poetry.

HIndus and their enemies PIONEER SATURDAY, 17 NOVEMBER 2012
Koenraad Elst’s book suffers from occasional ignorance of recent developments. Readers need to separate the wheat from the chaff to benefit from his criticisms, writes Navaratna Rajaram
Where the author goes wrong is when he ventures into unfamiliar territory like science (genetics) where he fails to distinguish between transient opinion and fact. It is not easy to do full justice to a book that covers such a large territory. There are discussions of karma and rebirth, humour in Hinduism, Macaulay, historicity of the Vedas and the like in which he expresses opinions on these and other topics where the reader has to accept or reject them based on one’s own beliefs and prejudices. (This reviewer found most of them to be familiar and a few, like his interpretation of apauresheya, to be plain wrong. Philosophy, metaphysics in particular, is not the author’s strength.) All told, the patient reader will find the book provocative even if the author’s positions are not always sound. The reviewer is the author of several books on Indian history and his current interest is history and philosophy of science

I was born in a home of broad-minded Hindus. My father, though by caste a Brahmin, never wore a thread. His own father’s brother was a lifelong opponent of the caste system; a hostel he opened for Dalit students still functions in Bangalore city. My mother went from time to time to a temple, but was happy to eat with or make food for humans of any background or creed. Two of her brothers had married out of caste; a third had married a German.

Sri Aurobindo and Hinduism by Peter Heehs (from AntiMatters)
I am not, and never have been a religious person. My parents were Protestant Christians, though neither was religious. I was sent to Sunday school in order to satisfy my grandmother, but took no interest at all in what was taught there, and never entered a church or any other place of worship as a worshipper. If I ever stepped into a church (or synagogue or mosque or temple) it was to admire the architecture and artworks, and perhaps also to enjoy the atmosphere of peace that sometimes fills such places. But I found the beliefs and practices of every religion I encountered to be pointless and uninteresting. The search for truth was important to me; but it never crossed my mind that religion could be any help in this. Rather I turned to poetry, philosophy and psychological experimentation in my search for enlightenment. These interests led me to yoga and, because yoga usually is taught by people who come from the Hindu tradition, I was exposed to the literature and some of the practices of the Hindu religion. I found, and still find, the literature profound and significant. As for the practices, I found them colourful and charming, though certainly not the sort of thing I could incorporate into my life. 
Now you may well ask, why should I, a non-Hindu, choose to speak about Sri Aurobindo and Hinduism? … What he offered in his major works was a means to achieve an experiential truth that surpasses the doctrines and practices any religion of the past or present. He did not prohibit religious expression, but he expected those who needed it to rise above sectarianism and conventionality. For such things can only act against the full expression of his work. At the same time he offered those who were proud of their Hindu heritage an unusual opportunity. They could serve as links between an ancient religion and the new possibilities offered by his path of yoga. A Hinduism open to the transformative power of this yoga could become a force for transformation in the world. 

“Freedom” is among the most central concepts in our political vocabulary. I think it is deservedly so. But it’s also a concept with a notoriously large number of meanings. Libertarians identify freedom simply with the absence of state coercion; by contrast, the most widely used Sanskrit term with an equivalence to freedom is probably moka, liberation from the suffering of worldly existence. And the most common use of “freedom” today is something different again: the ability to make unrestricted choices, to decide for oneself what one will do.
Freedom in this sense of choice played a fairly limited role in premodern political thought, and I think this is because the ancients understood its limitations. Human beings often do not make the best decisions for themselves. At a large scale, we get addicted to alcohol and other drugs; we fall into paralyzing depression and even suicide; we get misled by demagogues into murderous hatreds. At a smaller level, we lash out in anger at minor annoyances; we procrastinate the things we know it would be best for us to do; we get bitter and vain about matters of social status and material possessions. Given all this, the ability to make choices can be bad for us, since the choices themselves are so often bad.
All this is the view, shared by XunziAugustine, and Freud, which I have referred to in the past as chastened intellectualism. (I have tempered my enthusiasm for chastened intellectualism on the grounds that the good elements to human nature should not be ignored, but the bad ones remain there as well.) It is well known that Xunzi also endorsed a political system which greatly restricted freedom (in the sense of choice). Looking at all the terrible things people do, how can you trust them to make decisions for themselves? …
The view I have just articulated has some affinities with political libertarianism, which is similarly suspicious of government attempts to make decisions in the name of people’s individual best interests. It is not the same, however. A critique of libertarianism could take its own post. Suffice it to say here that given the importance of money and property in creating possibilities for action, insofar as individual choice is a good, that good is not actually best realized by a social system that keeps many people in abject poverty.

Eamonn Butler: “Friedrich Hayek: the ideas and influence of the libertarian economist”
Holding to his unfashionable convictions for decades led Hayek into intellectual isolation. He was, albeit, politely tolerated rather than listened to by faculty in the universities he taught at. Mainstream economics passed him by during the Keynesian years.  Nobody, for example, mentioned him during my undergraduate years from 1965-69…
Hayek’s life and legacy testify to the lasting power of ideas over the fleeting influence of individual politicians who, because they misunderstand the dynamics of human societies, normally promote the wrong ideas. Radicals of Left and Right believe they can change society by capturing the legislature to correct what they regard as society’s systemic errors. Hayek noted, sardonically, that if designed changes tried to change the world, we cannot be sure that the outcome would please either its designers or those affected by their changes.
Hayek insisted that human institutions throughout history were the result of countless individual human actions, but not from anyone’s deliberate designs.  Yet while human institutions from the primitive to the most complex have some sort of order within them, it does not follow that they were or can be deliberately invented.  Hayek called the process through which societies formed over time examples of “spontaneous order”… Hayek affirmed that a free society was not one without rules or government – rulers and citizens remain constrained by the predictable rule of law, not the whims of designers.







October 15, 2012

Descartes, Bergson, Freud, Myers, & James

[Stumblingmystic September 10, 2010 at 11:52 am I can vouch for that memory chapter in Irreducible Mind being a fantastic philosophical critique of the Western reductionistic understanding of memory!]

[Henri Bergson (1859–1941) Since its publication in 1896, Matter and Memory has attracted considerable attention (see, for example, Deleuze 1956). In the Preface that he wrote in 1910, Bergson says that Matter and Memory “is frankly dualistic,” since it “affirms both the reality of matter and the reality of spirit” (Matter and Memory, p. 9). Copyright © 2011 by Leonard Lawlor lul19@psu.edu Valentine Moulard; substantive revision Tue Jul 12, 2011 SEP]

[Mind in Indian Buddhist Philosophy 3.2 Sensation and Perception; substantive revision Fri Oct 12, 2012 SEP
The Sanskrit term most commonly associated with sensory activity, indriya (‘sensation’ or ‘power’), is found in the Rg Veda (I, 55; II, 16), a collection of hymns dealing with various religio-philosophical topics central to the Brahmanical tradition. Here the senses are likened to lesser deities acting on behalf of Indra, the king of the gods, as messengers to the lower realms. As manifestations of Indra's specific powers, the senses thus understood correspond to his capacity for knowledge (buddhīndriya) and action (karmendriya).
This early mythological narrative in which lesser deities are the agencies of sensory activity in humans bears some structural similarity to Descartes’ account in his Treatise of Man and Passions of the Soul of the animal spirits which flowing from the pineal gland control the activity of sensation, imagination, as well as bodily movements.]

[Sigmund Freud The unconscious - From Wikipedia
The concept of the unconscious was central to Freud's account of the mind. Freud believed that while poets and thinkers had long known of the existence of the unconscious, he had ensured that it received scientific recognition in the field of psychology. However, the concept made an informal appearance in Freud's writings. It was first introduced in connection with the phenomenon of repression, to explain what happens to ideas that are repressed; Freud stated explicitly that the concept of the unconscious was based on the theory of repression. He postulated a cycle in which ideas are repressed, but remain in the mind, removed from consciousness yet operative, then reappear in consciousness under certain circumstances.]

[William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) Instincts From Wikipedia 
Like Sigmund Freud, James was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. At the core of James' theory of psychology, as defined in Principles of Psychology (1890), was a system of "instincts." James wrote that humans had many instincts, even more than other animals. These instincts, he said, could be overridden by experience and by each other, as many of the instincts were actually in conflict with each other. In the 1920s, however, psychology turned away from evolutionary theory and embraced radical behaviorism.]