Many writers and artists who did not use the word "integral" to refer to their theories nonetheless are considered by theorists to act, think or theorize in an integral way. These include contemporary thinkers like Jurgen Habermas and Rupert Sheldrake, and historical figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Gandhi. The following writers contributed essential ideas to integral theory:
- James Mark Baldwin, American psychologist who described the Baldwin effect.
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Jesuit priest, philosopher and author of The Phenomenon of Man. His ideas include the Noosphere, and the Omega point.
- Arthur M. Young, inventor and author of The Reflexive Universe
- Edward Haskell, author of Full Circle: The Moral Force of Unified Science
- Erich Jantsch, Austrian astronomer and author of The Self-organizing Universe: Scientific and Human Implications of the Emerging Paradigm of Evolution. His ideas include self-organization and co-evolution.
- Richard Tarnas, author of The Passion of the Western Mind and Cosmos and Psyche
See also Evolution Holarchy Holism Holistic science Holon Integral Links External links Integral Institute Integral Naked Integral World Integral Thinking Integral Review
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